15 Oldest Dog Breeds Still Around Today

Long before dogs were sleeping on couches and wearing sweaters, they were hunting, guarding, and walking beside humans through history. Some dog breeds go so far back in time that they were once companions to ancient pharaohs, warriors, and nomads. Here are 15 of the oldest dog breeds that are still around today, carrying centuries of loyalty in their DNA.

Saluki

Known as the “royal dog of Egypt,” the Saluki has been traced back to ancient tombs and carvings that are thousands of years old. This elegant, slender breed was once a favorite of pharaohs and nomadic tribes. Fast, graceful, and a bit aloof, the Saluki was bred to chase game across harsh desert landscapes, and still carries that quiet dignity and athleticism today.

Basenji

Often called the “barkless dog,” the Basenji is as ancient as it is unique. Originating in Central Africa, this breed doesn’t bark but instead makes a strange yodeling sound. They were used for hunting and are incredibly alert, clean, and independent. Basenjis were depicted in ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian art, and their cat-like personalities are still fascinating dog lovers today.

Akita Inu

This powerful Japanese breed has been guarding homes and hunting large game like boar and bear for centuries. Akitas have deep cultural roots in Japan, often symbolizing protection and loyalty. With their thick double coats and strong, proud stance, they look like they walked straight out of an ancient scroll (in a way, they did).

Afghan Hound

The Afghan Hound’s long, flowing coat and regal posture have been turning heads for generations. Originally born in the mountains of Afghanistan to hunt deer and leopards, these dogs are stunning and very agile. Their lineage stretches back thousands of years, and even today, they carry themselves with the same elegance that once captured the admiration of royals and nomads alike.

Alaskan Malamute

Built to pull sleds across icy terrain, this fantastic pup is one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs known. Their roots go back to early Inuit tribes, who depended on them for survival in brutal conditions. With their strength, endurance, and pack loyalty, Malamutes are more than just pets—they’re living relics of life in the frozen wilderness.

Chow Chow

With a lion-like mane and a famously blue-black tongue, the Chow Chow is one of the oldest dog breeds from China. These dogs were once temple guards, hunting partners, and even food sources in ancient times. Stoic and independent, the Chow has an air of nobility and mystery that reflects its ancient lineage and deep cultural significance.

Tibetan Mastiff

Massive, powerful, and fiercely loyal, the Tibetan Mastiff was bred to protect monasteries and villages in the Himalayas. This ancient guardian breed was designed to survive freezing altitudes and scare off predators. Even today, they carry that same fearless spirit, and their protective instincts remain as strong as they were when they stood watch over remote mountain paths.

Shiba Inu

Compact but full of personality, the Shiba Inu is Japan’s oldest native breed. These alert, fox-like dogs were originally used to hunt small game in mountainous terrain. Their independent streak and sharp instincts have been preserved for centuries. Even in modern homes, Shibas often act like they know their own long history, and aren’t about to let you forget it.

Samoyed

With their thick white coats and permanent “smile,” Samoyeds once helped Siberian tribes herd reindeer, pull sleds, and keep people warm in freezing temperatures. They’ve been around for thousands of years and were bred to be both strong and friendly. Their cheerful nature and hard-working history make them one of the most charming ancient breeds still around today.

Pharaoh Hound

Despite the name, the Pharaoh Hound is actually from Malta, though its look and history trace back to ancient Egypt. These sleek, elegant dogs resemble those seen in Egyptian art and are known for their grace and speed. One unique trait—they “blush” when excited, with their ears and nose turning a rosy pink, which only adds to their mystique.

Shar Pei

Recognized instantly by their deep wrinkles and serious expressions, Shar Peis have been guarding homes in China for centuries. Originally bred for hunting and protection, they’re calm, strong-willed, and incredibly loyal. Their ancient background is visible in both their appearance and temperament—this is a breed that has seen centuries pass and stayed true to its role.

Lhasa Apso

This small but mighty dog comes from the monasteries of Tibet, where it was considered sacred and used as a watchdog. Despite their size, Lhasa Apsos were trusted to alert monks of intruders, thanks to their sharp senses and brave nature. With long hair and a regal presence, they still act like they were born to live in palaces, even if it’s just your living room.

Greyhound

Fast, graceful, and one of the oldest dog breeds in existence, Greyhounds have been racing across battlefields and open plains for thousands of years. They were prized in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome for their speed and hunting skills. Today, their athletic build and gentle temperament remain, and their long history of nobility still shows in how they carry themselves.

Xoloitzcuintli (Mexican Hairless Dog)

This rare breed dates back over 3,000 years and was considered sacred by the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Maya. Known as “Xolos” for short, they were believed to guide souls to the afterlife. With or without hair, they’re loyal, intelligent, and carry a deep cultural legacy. Their calm and watchful nature is a reminder of their spiritual past.

Ibizan Hound

Sleek and deer-like in appearance, the Ibizan Hound hails from the Balearic Islands off Spain and traces its roots to ancient Egypt. Their ancestors likely traveled with traders across the Mediterranean. Known for their incredible speed and grace, they were bred to chase rabbits and small game. Today, they still have that elegant charm and athletic energy that connects them to history.