19 Dog Breeds You Didn’t Know Existed

There are countless dog breeds worldwide, but some remain lesser-known despite their fascinating histories, unique characteristics, or rare appearances. Here are 19 dog breeds you probably haven’t heard of, each with a rich background and interesting traits!

Lagotto Romagnolo

The Lagotto Romagnolo is an ancient Italian breed with curly, water-resistant fur that sets it apart from most other breeds. Historically, the Lagotto was used to hunt waterfowl in the marshlands of Italy, but it is now better known for its ability to sniff out truffles, an incredibly valuable skill in culinary circles. Despite this impressive talent, the Lagotto is still relatively unknown outside of Europe.

Czechoslovakian Wolfdog

The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog was developed in the 1950s by crossing German Shepherds with Carpathian wolves as part of a military experiment. With its wolf-like appearance and wild instincts, this breed is highly intelligent and energetic, best suited for experienced dog owners. They have a strong prey drive, are highly trainable, and excel at endurance activities. 

Norwegian Lundehund

The Norwegian Lundehund stands out due to its unique physical characteristics—notably, the six toes on each paw, giving it exceptional climbing abilities. Bred to hunt puffins on Norway’s rocky cliffs, this small dog has incredible flexibility in its shoulders and neck, allowing it to twist and turn through tight spaces. This rare breed is relatively unknown outside its homeland, where it continues to capture the attention of adventurers and dog enthusiasts.

Xoloitzcuintli (Mexican Hairless Dog)

With roots tracing back over 3,000 years, the Xoloitzcuintli is one of the world’s oldest and most unique dog breeds. Revered by the ancient Aztecs and Mayans, the Xolo was believed to have healing powers and was often used in religious ceremonies. This breed comes in three sizes—toy, miniature, and standard—and is known for its hairless variety, though coated versions exist. 

Peruvian Inca Orchid

The Peruvian Inca Orchid, or the Peruvian Hairless Dog, is an ancient dog breed dating back to pre-Incan civilizations. These dogs come in both hairless and coated varieties, with the hairless variety being more well-known. They have an elegant, slender build and are known for being affectionate and protective. However, their delicate skin requires special care, especially in the sun.

Azawakh

Hailing from the deserts of West Africa, the Azawakh is a lean, elegant sighthound known for its speed and grace. Traditionally used by nomadic tribes to guard livestock and hunt game, this breed is built for endurance and can reach impressive speeds. However, their independent and sometimes aloof nature makes them a bit of a challenge for first-time dog owners.

Thai Ridgeback

The Thai Ridgeback is one of only a few breeds in the world with a natural ridge of hair along its back that grows in the opposite direction from the rest of its coat. This breed has been used for hunting and guarding in Thailand for centuries, but it wasn’t widely known outside of its home country until relatively recently. With their muscular build, independence, and intelligence, Thai Ridgebacks make excellent guard dogs but need an experienced handler. 

New Guinea Singing Dog

Famed for their unique vocalizations that resemble singing, the New Guinea Singing Dog is a rare breed native to the remote highlands of New Guinea. These dogs are highly intelligent and have a wild, independent character. They are known for their agility and climbing abilities, traits that have helped them survive in their rugged environment.

Telomian

The Telomian is a small, rare breed from Malaysia, originally bred by the indigenous Orang Asli people as a pest controller and household companion. Known for their climbing abilities, Telomians were used to reach high places in traditional stilt houses. Their small, agile bodies and intelligence make them curious and independent dogs. Despite their long history in Malaysia, Telomians remain virtually unknown outside the region, largely due to their isolated breeding in remote villages.

Mudi

The Mudi is a versatile herding dog from Hungary that excels in various tasks, from herding sheep and cattle to performing in dog sports. With its curly coat and high energy levels, the Mudi is a dynamic, intelligent breed that needs an active owner. Although they are beloved in Hungary for their hardworking nature, Mudis are relatively unknown in other parts of the world.

Karelian Bear Dog

The Karelian Bear Dog, originating from Finland, was bred to hunt large game like bears and moose. Known for their fearlessness and sharp hunting instincts, these dogs are highly prized for their ability to track and corner dangerous animals. Despite their intense working drive, Karelian Bear Dogs are loyal and affectionate with their owners. However, their specialized skills and the challenges of training them keep this breed rare outside Finland.

Chinook

The Chinook originated in New Hampshire in the early 1900s. They were bred to be strong sled dogs to pull heavy loads over long distances in rough conditions. Despite their strength, Chinooks are known for their gentle and friendly nature, especially with children. Today, they are one of the rarest dog breeds in the United States, with only a few hundred remaining.

Estrela Mountain Dog

The Estrela Mountain Dog is a big dog from Portugal’s Estrela Mountains, where they were traditionally used to guard livestock from wolves and other predators. With their thick, protective coats and calm demeanor, they are well-suited to mountainous and rural environments. Despite their excellent guarding abilities and loyalty to their families, the breed remains relatively unknown outside of Portugal.

Stabyhoun

The Stabyhoun is a rare Dutch breed known for its versatility in hunting, pointing, and retrieving. Despite being one of the rarest breeds in the world, the Stabyhoun is beloved in its homeland for its friendly, easy-going nature and adaptability to family life. Their excellent hunting abilities and calm temperament make them a perfect fit for active families.

Carolina Dog

The Carolina Dog is a breed believed to have descended from the dogs of ancient Native American tribes. These dogs were rediscovered, living wild in the swamps and forests of the southeastern United States. While they have been domesticated to some extent, Carolina Dogs retain many of their wild instincts. 

Kooikerhondje

The Kooikerhondje is a small Dutch breed originally used to lure ducks into traps. With their red-and-white coat and feathery tail, they are active and friendly. Despite their long history dating back to the 17th century, Kooikerhondjes remain relatively unknown outside of the Netherlands.

Otterhound

With its thick, waterproof coat and webbed feet, the Otterhound was bred in Britain to hunt otters in rivers and streams. This large, friendly breed is known for its amazing swimming abilities and sense of smell. Unfortunately, the decline in otter hunting has led to a sharp drop in the breed’s population, with only a few hundred individuals remaining.

Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen

The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen is a French scent hound with a rough, wiry coat and a keen nose for tracking. Bred for hunting in the terrain of the Vendée region, these dogs are both determined hunters and friendly dogs. Their stamina and endurance make them excellent for long days of tracking game, but despite their talents, the breed remains relatively rare outside of France. 

Canaan Dog

This is one of the oldest breeds in existence, having roamed the deserts of the Middle East for thousands of years. Originally used as a herding and guard dog by Bedouin tribes, this ancient breed has survived in harsh environments, adapting to extreme conditions. Today, Canaan Dogs are still independent and intelligent pups.