15 Dog Breeds You Didn’t Know Were Bred for Strange Purposes

Dogs have been our best friends for thousands of years, but beyond their roles as pets and friends, many breeds were originally developed for highly specific and sometimes surprising purposes. From guarding royalty to catching vermin, these dogs were crafted by humans to fulfill needs that reflect the times and cultures in which they lived. Here are 15 dog breeds with strange and fascinating origins that might just surprise you!
Norwegian Lundehund

The Norwegian Lundehund was developed on the remote islands of Norway specifically to hunt puffins. Puffins nest on steep, rocky cliffs, and the Lundehund’s unique physical traits made it perfectly suited for this task. With six toes on each foot and incredibly flexible joints that allow them to bend their head backward to touch their spine, the Lundehund could navigate narrow crevices and climb almost vertical surfaces easily.
Dachshund

The Dachshund was originally bred in Germany to hunt badgers. The breed’s name literally means “badger dog” in German, and their low stature allowed them to enter badger dens, digging through the earth to reach their prey. Their strong, paddle-shaped paws and tenacious spirit made them great hunters, capable of taking on a badger, an animal known for its aggression and strength. Dachshunds were also used to hunt rabbits and other burrowing animals.
Dalmatian

Dalmatians are famous for their black spots, but their original purpose was to serve as carriage dogs, running alongside coaches to protect them from bandits and wild animals. In the 17th and 18th centuries, these dogs were bred to endure long distances, and their strong guarding instincts made them ideal companions for travelers. Dalmatians were also used to clear the way for the horses, providing both physical and psychological support during the journey.
Schipperke

The Schipperke, often called the “little captain” in Flemish, was originally bred in Belgium as a watchdog for canal barges. Despite their small size, these dogs were known for their fierce guarding instincts and were used to protect the boats from thieves and vermin. The Schipperke’s sharp bark and quick reflexes made it an effective deterrent against intruders.
Bedlington Terrier

With its lamb-like appearance, the Bedlington Terrier was originally bred in the mining town of Bedlington, England, to hunt vermin in coal mines. These dogs were prized for their agility and fearlessness, able to navigate the tight, dark spaces of the mines and catch rats and other pests. Bedlington Terriers were also used in dog racing and as fighting dogs due to their surprising strength and tenacity.
Newfoundland

Newfoundlands were bred for their swimming abilities. Developed in Newfoundland, Canada, these dogs were used by fishermen to retrieve nets, pull carts of fish, and even rescue people from the icy waters of the North Atlantic. Their webbed feet, thick waterproof coats, and powerful builds made them perfect for these tasks. Newfoundlands have an innate ability to swim and an instinct to rescue, which they often do without training.
Chow Chow

The Chow Chow is a breed from China, recognizable by its lion-like mane and blue-black tongue. Originally, Chow Chows were bred as multipurpose dogs, used for hunting, guarding, pulling carts, and even as war dogs. They were known for their strength, loyalty, and fierce protective instincts. Their courage made them valuable in battle and as protectors of homes and livestock.
Tibetan Mastiff

The Tibetan Mastiff was originally bred by Tibetan nomads and monks to guard livestock and monasteries. These dogs were tasked with protecting sheep from predators like wolves and leopards, and their intimidating size and strength made them excellent guardians. Tibetan Mastiffs are known for their independence and territorial nature, which made them effective protectors against animal and human intruders.
Komondor

The Komondor was bred in Hungary to protect sheep from predators. This coat, which resembles dreadlocks, not only provided protection from the elements but also allowed the Komondor to blend in with the flock, making it difficult for predators to distinguish the dog from the sheep. The Komondor’s coat is more than just camouflage; it also acts as armor, protecting the dog from bites during fights with predators.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was bred to warm the laps of European royalty. These small dogs were favored by King Charles II of England, after whom they are named, and were often seen in the company of the aristocracy. Beyond their role as companions, these dogs were believed to have a practical purpose: attracting fleas away from their owners and thereby helping to prevent the spread of plague.
Saluki

The Saluki is one of the oldest known dog breeds, with a history that dates back thousands of years to ancient Egypt. These pups were bred for speed and endurance, making them ideal for hunting gazelles and other game in the desert. Salukis were highly prized by Egyptian pharaohs and often depicted in tombs and art as companions of royalty. Their slender, aerodynamic build and good eyesight made them exceptional hunters.
Borzoi

The Borzoi were bred by Russian nobility to hunt wolves. These dogs were valued for their speed, agility, and courage, often working in packs to bring down their formidable prey. The Borzoi’s long legs and powerful build allowed it to chase wolves across the open plains of Russia, and their keen hunting instincts made them highly effective.
Shar Pei

The Shar Pei was originally bred in China for hunting, herding, and guarding. However, they were also used in dog fighting, where their loose skin provided protection from bites. If an opponent managed to grab hold of the Shar Pei, the loose skin would allow the dog to twist and fight back. This breed’s versatility made it valuable in various roles, from protecting farms to hunting game.
Lhasa Apso

The Lhasa Apso was bred in the isolated monasteries of Tibet to serve as an indoor sentinel. These dogs were tasked with guarding the monasteries and alerting the monks to any intruders. Despite their size, Lhasa Apsos have a deep, resonant bark and a strong sense of alertness, making them effective watchdogs. They were considered sacred and were often given as gifts to visiting dignitaries.
Greyhound

Greyhounds, renowned for their speed, have a history that dates back thousands of years. Initially bred for hunting and coursing game like hares, deer, and even wolves, Greyhounds were prized for their ability to chase down prey over long distances. Their lean, aerodynamic bodies, coupled with powerful, muscular legs, make them the fastest of all dog breeds, capable of reaching speeds of up to 45 miles per hour.