10 Iconic Dogs From Mythology and Legends Worldwide

Throughout history, dogs have been more than just loyal companions—they’ve played starring roles in some of the most captivating myths and legends. These dogs carry fascinating stories with them and appear in the shadows of gods, guarding kingdoms or leading souls to their final resting place. 

Anubis of the Ancient Egypt

Anubis, the Egyptian god of mummification and the afterlife is often depicted with the head of a dog or jackal. Egyptians believed that dogs guided souls to the afterlife and were closely tied to funerary rituals. Some even mummified their dogs to accompany them in the next world.

Xoloitzcuintli of the Aztec Afterlife

The Xoloitzcuintli, or Xolo, is a hairless dog breed revered by the Aztecs. They believed these dogs guided the souls of the gone through the dangerous paths of the underworld. Often sacrificed and buried with their owners, Xolos were spiritual protectors. These dogs are still popular in modern-day Mexico and have become the country’s national dog.

Cerberus of the Ancient Greece

In Greek mythology, Cerberus, the fearsome three-headed dog, guarded the gates of the underworld. Charged with keeping the dead from escaping, this mythical beast was a key figure in Hades’ realm. While Cerberus was terrifying, he also represents loyalty and protection in ancient stories.

The Hounds of Celtic Mythology

These dogs were highly respected in Celtic mythology and often linked to deities of battle and hunting. They were said to have mystical powers and could guide warriors through battle as well as life’s spiritual journeys. The famed hero Cú Chulainn was known as “the Hound of Ulster,” showing the dog’s significance in Celtic culture.

The Loyal Dog of St. Guinefort

Though not ancient, the story of St. Guinefort, a dog-turned-saint, is too intriguing to leave out. This greyhound was believed to have saved a child from a snake attack but was tragically killed in the confusion. Locals began venerating Guinefort as a saint and left offerings at his shrine for the protection of their children.

The Molossus of Ancient Rome

The Romans had a thing for large, powerful dogs, especially the Molossus, which was used in both religious rituals and warfare. These dogs were often sacrificed to gods to bring blessings in times of battle. Their sheer size and strength made them symbols of protection and loyalty in Roman culture.

Native American Dogs as Spirit Guides

Many Native American tribes viewed dogs as spiritual guides. They were not only hunting companions but also believed to assist in guiding souls to the afterlife. Some tribes, including the Navajo, held dogs in such high regard that they were included in sacred ceremonies.

Egyptian Pariah Dogs

While Anubis is the best-known canine in Egyptian culture, the everyday pariah dog also played an important role. These dogs were frequently buried with their owners, believed to act as protectors in the afterlife. The bond between Egyptians and their dogs was so strong that they even held mourning rituals for their lost pets.

Mayan Dogs as Underworld Guides

The Mayans, much like the Aztecs, believed that dogs guided souls through the underworld. Dogs were sometimes buried alongside their owners to serve as spiritual guides in the afterlife. Ceremonial dog burials have been discovered in many Mayan tombs, showcasing their deep spiritual significance.

The Two-Headed Dog of Greek Mythology

Orthrus, the two-headed dog in Greek mythology, guarded the cattle of the giant Geryon. Known for his fierce strength and loyalty, he was ultimately slain by Heracles during the hero’s Twelve Labors. Though overshadowed by his sibling Cerberus, Orthrus remains a significant figure, representing protection and power in ancient Greek stories.