30 Common Problems in Small Dog Breeds

“Roly Poly Pug Puppy” by DaPuglet is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

You never knew something so small could take up so much room in your heart, but here you are, the proud pet parent of a tiny, four-legged bundle of joy. Though they share the same roots as their bigger cousins, small dog breeds come with quirky health challenges. Here are 30 common problems faced by small dog breeds.

Dental Issues

“Little Pomeranian Dog I Sat for a Week” by flickr4jazz is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Because of their tiny mouths, small dogs often have crowded teeth, making them prone to plaque buildup and gum disease. Ignoring their dental care can lead to tooth loss or infections that affect their overall health. Try brushing their teeth regularly with a dog-safe toothpaste and offer dental treats. Bonus tip: Start dental care while they’re young to avoid future battles over the toothbrush.

Fragile Bones

“Shih Tzu Dog waiting for his master)” by Dakiny is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Your Chihuahua might think she’s as tough as a Rottweiler, but her delicate bones tell a completely different story. Even a playful jump off the couch can result in a fracture. Consider investing in pet stairs or ramps to make high places more accessible. And always supervise interactions with larger dogs to prevent accidental injuries.

Hypoglycemia

“Boston Terrier attacked by Pit Bull” by Don Hankins is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Small puppies, especially breeds like Yorkies and Maltese, are prone to hypoglycemia (that’s low blood sugar). Symptoms can include lethargy, trembling, or even seizures. If you notice these signs, a bit of honey or syrup can boost their sugar levels quickly. Frequent small meals keep their energy balanced, like a snack-sized energy boost for your furry friend.

Luxating Patella (Slipping Kneecap)

“Bailey Pekingese” by Dirk is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Picture a kneecap that pops out of place—uncomfortable and scary, right? This condition is common in small dogs like Pomeranians and Poodles. You might see your dog “skip” a step or limp briefly. Surgery can correct severe cases, but maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding too much jumping can help manage mild cases. 

Barking Tendencies

“Funny Beagle” by ginfox is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

Small dogs often bark more because they feel the need to compensate for their size. They think they’re the neighborhood watch! While this can be charming (but seriously annoying), training them to bark on command or using distraction techniques can help you a lot. Mental stimulation, like puzzle toys, keeps their minds busy, so they forget to bark like a lunatic.

Housebreaking Troubles

“MICRO TOY | Caniche Toy | Poodle | 110402-2654-jikatu” by jikatu is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

Why do small breeds run out so much? Tiny bladders mean frequent potty breaks. It’s not stubbornness—it’s basic biology! Consistent potty training with a schedule works best for your pup. Use positive reinforcement when they enter the right spot, and keep puppy pads handy for rainy days. The key? Patience and understanding that they aren’t just being difficult.

Separation Anxiety

“french bulldog puppies!!” by DJ Curly is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Small dogs are “Velcro” pets—they stick to you wherever you go. This bond is sweet but can lead to anxiety when left alone. Leaving them with interactive toys or a treat-dispensing puzzle can keep them entertained for some time. Gradually increasing alone time can also ease their nerves. Know this: a tired dog is a calm dog, so wear them out with play before you leave.

Heart Problems

“Papillon-dog-black” by André Feldmann (tuxsam70) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Small dogs like Chihuahuas and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels often develop heart issues, including murmurs or congestive heart failure. Keep an eye out for fatigue or coughing, and ensure they go for regular vet check-ups. Catching heart problems early can make a huge difference. And do you know? Proper dental care can also reduce heart disease risk in dogs.

Obesity

“A havanese dog” by QHuge is licensed under CC BY 4.0

Just a few extra pounds on a small dog is like a human gaining 30 pounds overnight. Overweight dogs are at higher risk for diabetes, joint issues, and even heart problems. Stick to measured portions and avoid giving too many treats (even when they flash those irresistible puppy eyes). Healthy snacks like carrots or green beans work as guilt-free alternatives.

Cold Sensitivity

“Muffin vid Gerdsken” by Voff is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Ever notice how your small dog shivers even when it’s mildly chilly? Breeds like Italian Greyhounds and Miniature Pinschers have little body fat, making them sensitive to cold. Sweaters or cozy blankets aren’t just adorable—they’re necessary for these breeds. But be mindful not to overheat them indoors. Small dogs need balance, not constant bundling.

Collapsing Trachea

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When small dogs wear collars, it can put pressure on their windpipe, leading to a condition called collapsing trachea. You might hear a honking cough, especially when pulling on their leash. Switching to a harness instead of a collar distributes pressure more evenly and helps prevent breathing issues. Choose soft, well-fitted harnesses to keep your pup comfortable.

Skin Allergies

“Dachshund” by strollers is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

If your dog is always scratching or biting at their fur, skin allergies might be the culprit. Fleas, pollen, or even certain types of foods can trigger reactions. Oatmeal baths, hypoallergenic diets, or prescription medications can relieve discomfort. Bonus tip: Be it a dog or a human, coconut oil is a moisturizer that helps itchy skin and adds shine to it.

Eye Problems

“Australian Silky Terrier Alana Of Silky’s Dream” by Ofsilkysdream is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Dogs with large, prominent eyes, like Shih Tzus or Pugs, are prone to injuries or infections. Dust, hair, or even playful roughhousing can cause irritation in their eyes. Gently wiping their eyes every day with a damp cloth keeps them clean. Avoid letting hair grow too long around their eyes—it’s like keeping curtains out of the window.

Back Problems

“Norwich Terrier” by Just chaos is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Dachshunds and similar long-bodied breeds are prone to intervertebral disc disease (aka IVDD). It’s like having a bad back, where jumping or rough play can lead to slipped discs. Prevent these problems by using ramps instead of stairs and discouraging jumping on furniture. And never pick them up by the front legs—support their back instead.

Heat Intolerance

“‘Zero’ the Cairn Terrier” by Scott Kinmartin is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Many small breeds, particularly brachycephalic ones like French Bulldogs, struggle in hot weather. Heatstroke can happen very quickly, so always provide shade, water, and a cool surface for them to lie on. A kiddie pool or cooling mat works wonders. And skip the midday walks—early morning or evening is safer for your pup.

Snoring or Breathing Issues

“Archer – Shiba Inu” by likeaduck is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Short-nosed breeds like Pugs, Boston Terriers, and French Bulldogs are known for their snoring (you can literally hear them snore from another room). While it might sound cute at first, it’s actually due to a condition called brachycephalic airway syndrome. It makes breathing more challenging, especially in hot or humid weather. Keep them cool, manage their weight, and avoid intense exercise.

Fearfulness

“1791 sheltie pup 6” by WoofBC is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Tiny dogs often feel like the world is out to get them—understandably so when everything is bigger! This can lead to nervousness or defensive aggression. Socializing them from a young age by exposing them to new experiences helps build confidence. Use positive reinforcement, reward calm behavior, and don’t coddle them when they act scared—it reinforces the fear.

Over-Attachment

“Rat Terriers Defending Fence” by Dagny Gromer is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Small dogs love being close to their humans, sometimes a little too close. Breeds like Maltese or Pekingese follow their owners everywhere and may develop separation anxiety. Teach them to be okay with alone time by creating a cozy, safe space just for them. Start with short separations and gradually increase the duration. Interactive toys and treat puzzles also work wonders.

Hair Matting

“A cute Maltese dog” by Ed Yourdon is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

Long-haired breeds like Shih Tzus, Maltese, and Yorkies can suffer from painful tangles if their coats aren’t maintained. Matting pulls on the skin and can lead to various infections. Regular brushing (daily if possible) and trips to the groomer keep their fur soft and tangle-free. Bonus tip: Detangler sprays make grooming easier.

Picky Eating

“King Charles Spaniel” by ralph and jenny is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Small breeds are known for turning their noses up at meals if they get too many treats. Establishing a feeding routine and sticking to one type of high-quality food helps avoid fussiness. Don’t give in to begging by offering table scraps. If they skip a meal but seem fine otherwise, hold your ground. Hunger will bring them back to their bowl soon enough.

Ear Infections

“Pug Face” by Dunechaser is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Floppy-eared small dogs, like Cocker Spaniels or Miniature Dachshunds, are more prone to ear infections due to trapped moisture and poor airflow. Signs include head shaking, scratching, and a funky smell. Cleaning their ears weekly with a vet-approved solution helps prevent ear problems. Never use cotton swabs—they can push debris deeper.

Aggression Towards Strangers

“Japanese Chin” by rubalo is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Feeling small in a big world makes some tiny dogs extra protective, leading to nipping or growling at new people. Proper socialization and clear boundaries can curb this behavior. Reward calm interactions with strangers and teach commands like “sit” or “stay” to shift their focus. Remember, they’re guarding out of fear, not dominance.

High Energy Levels

“Toy Poodle wearing clothes in Tokyo” by Basile Morin is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

Don’t be fooled by their small size—many tiny dogs, like Jack Russell Terriers, have boundless energy. Without enough physical and mental stimulation, they’ll channel that energy into chewing, digging, or barking non-stop. Engage them with daily walks, fetch games, and puzzle toys. Variety keeps things exciting and helps prevent boredom. No boredom means no crazy antics.

Difficulty Chewing

“Bolospillo” by Boel at Italian Wikipedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Small breeds sometimes struggle a lot with large or hard kibble. Look for food labeled specifically for small dogs, as it’s designed to be easier for their tiny mouths to chew. Softening dry food with a little water or broth can help, too. And if your pup is missing teeth, consult your vet for soft diet options.

Allergic Reactions

“Ruby Cavalier King Charles Spaniel” by strangefrontiers is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

We’ve already discussed skin allergies, but what about other kinds of allergies? Some small dogs have heightened sensitivities to environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, or grass. Watch for sneezing, itchy skin, or watery eyes. Hypoallergenic diets, regular grooming, and allergy medications prescribed by your vet can bring relief. A cool trick: wiping their paws and bellies after outdoor walks reduces pollen exposure.

Joint Pain

“Rat Terrier” by M.P.N.texan is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

Conditions like arthritis or hip dysplasia aren’t just for big dogs—small breeds can suffer, too (just like humans). If your pup seems stiff or reluctant to jump, it’s time for a checkup. Glucosamine supplements can help support joint health, but always consult your vet before adding anything to their diet. Maintaining your pup’s weight is crucial to reducing joint strain.

Overheating in Crowds

“French Bulldog Puppy” by freestocks.org is licensed under CC CC0 1.0

Small dogs can get overwhelmed and stressed in crowded places. Their size makes it easier for them to feel the heat in busy environments, both literally and emotionally. Always carry water for your dog, take breaks, and notice all signs of heat stress, like heavy panting. A comfortable pet carrier can provide a safe retreat when things get too intense.

Digestive Sensitivity

Beagle dog with owner enjoying a sunny day in a lush green park.
Photo by Creative Vix on Pexels

Some tiny breeds are prone to digestive upsets if their diet changes too quickly or if they eat fatty or rich foods. That’s why it’s important to stick to a consistent, high-quality diet and introduce new foods very slowly. Probiotics formulated for dogs can also help keep their gut healthy. And this may sound gross, but keep an eye on their poop. It should be solid, not liquid.

Stubbornness

“Havanese Taimi” by Hemlit is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Many small dogs come with big personalities, and they’ll test your patience with their stubborn streaks. Breeds like Dachshunds are notorious for doing things on their own terms. Use positive reinforcement and make training fun. Short, engaging sessions with high-value treats keep them motivated. Never give up—they’re smart, and with persistence, you’ll outsmart their sass.

Short Lifespan of Some Breeds

“Dogs at Maui’s Upcountry Farmers Market, Sue Salisbury Maui Hawaii (1)” by Sue Salisbury Maui Hawaii is licensed under CC BY 2.0

While many small dogs live long lives, some breeds, like the Brussels Griffon, have shorter lifespans. Regular vet visits, a balanced diet, and keeping them active are the best ways to maximize their quality of life. Embrace every moment—these little bundles of joy fill our lives with big love, even if it’s for a shorter time than we’d like.

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