14 Dog Breeds and Their Bred-for Roles

Throughout history, dogs have been deeply valued for their unwavering loyalty as trusted companions, but their origins tell a tale of remarkable purpose and skill. Check out the fascinating origins and roles of these 15 breeds that highlight their unique contributions to human survival and society.
Akita

Originating in Japan, Akitas were taught to hunt large game, including bears. With a sturdy build and a fearless nature, these dogs easily became formidable hunters. Akitas are celebrated for their steadfast loyalty and innate protective nature, rooted in their extensive legacy as skilled hunters and guardians.
Border Collie

Famed for their sharp minds and graceful movements, Border Collies herd sheep in the rugged terrains of Scotland and Wales. They could control livestock with intense stares and quick movements, and this made them invaluable to shepherds. This breed’s work ethic and trainability are still highly prized today.
Rhodesian Ridgeback

Bred in South Africa, the Rhodesian Ridgeback was designed to track and corner lions, holding them at bay until hunters arrived. Their courage and stamina in the harsh African landscape made them vital hunting companions. The distinctive ridge of hair along their back adds to their unique and formidable appearance.
Bloodhound

These dogs possess an extraordinary ability to track scents over long distances. Initially used to hunt deer and boar, they quickly became invaluable in search and rescue operations. They have keen noses and can follow scent trails that are days old, earning them a legendary reputation as trackers.
Great Dane

Great Danes were developed to pursue wild boars. Their immense size and strength enabled them to confront and hold down formidable animals until hunters arrived. Despite their gentle demeanor today, history remembers them as brave hunters, and this speaks to their noble lineage.
Portuguese Water Dog

Made to assist fishermen, Portuguese Water Dogs helped round fish into nets and retrieve lost gear or damaged nets. They had webbed feet and waterproof coats that made them exceptional swimmers, essential for navigating the waters off the coast of Portugal.
Saint Bernard

In the Swiss Alps, Saint Bernards were trained to rescue avalanche-trapped travelers. Their large size and muscular build allowed them to navigate treacherous terrain and use their keen sense of smell to locate those needing rescue.
Pomeranian

Pomeranians were the first larger sled dogs in the Arctic region. They were known for their endurance and ability to pull light loads over snow-covered landscapes. While not large, their courage and energy made them valuable companions for hunters and travelers alike.
Dalmatian

Used in the past to run alongside carriages, Dalmatians protected people from highwaymen and animals while also helping to clear the way. They were first used to protect the border of Dalmatia, hence the name, but their role has since changed over time. Today, they are often associated with firefighting due to their historical role of running with fire engines.
Pug

From China, Pugs were initially made to be companion dogs, but they also served a practical purpose as rat hunters in homes and on ships. Their compact size and tenacious personality allowed them to excel in this dual role.
Corgi

The Pembroke Welsh Corgi were bred to herd cattle in the hills and valleys of Wales. The low stature and agility allowed them to nip at the heels of cattle, driving them forward without being kicked. Despite their small size, their intelligence and determination made them effective herders.
German Shepherd

Once bred to manage and protect flocks of sheep, German Shepherds’ intelligence, strength, and trainability have led to their use in various roles, including police and military work. Their keen sense of smell and ability to learn commands quickly make them indispensable in search and rescue missions.
Terriers

Terriers encompass a group of breeds bred for hunting vermin, such as rats, mice, and rabbits. The breed has this fearless nature and determination, which makes them adept at digging into burrows and chasing out their quarry.
Golden Retriever

In the 19th century, Golden Retrievers were trained in Scotland to retrieve waterfowl during hunts. Their dense, water-repellent coats, powerful yet gentle mouths, and strong swimming ability made them ideal for retrieving shot game from lakes and rivers.